• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for controlling a device (1) for metering granules (2) and a metering device (1) for metering granules (2), with an inlet (9) for the granules (2) from a container (5 ) and into a metering chamber (6), wherein a metering piston (7) can be actuated via a control device (16) such that a gap (8) between the inlet (9) for the granulate (2) and the metering chamber (6) a predetermined first distance (d1) and a second distance (d2), which is greater than the first distance (d1), can be opened. According to the invention, at least one sensor (10) is arranged in a delivery line (11) leading away from the metering chamber (6) and connected to the control device (16) so that the metering piston (7) can be actuated for a predetermined duration (t) that the gap (8) between the inlet (9) for the granules (2) and the metering chamber (6) can be opened by the second distance (d2) if a blockage of the granules (2) is detected by the at least one sensor (10), so that the blockage is released.
    公开号:AT521693A4
    申请号:T50019/2019
    申请日:2019-01-11
    公开日:2020-04-15
    发明作者:Bartling Werner；Reich Alexander；Weiß Ralf
    申请人:Nowe Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for controlling a device for metering granules, in particular sand, to increase the coefficient of friction between a rail wheel and a rail, the granules being fed from a container and metered into a metering chamber by actuating a metering piston, thereby causing a gap between a feed for the granulate and the metering chamber is opened by a predetermined first distance.
    The invention further relates to a metering device for metering granules, in particular sand, to increase the coefficient of friction between a rail wheel and a rail, with an inlet for the granules from a container and into a metering chamber, wherein a metering piston can be actuated via a control device such that a gap between the inlet for the granulate and the metering chamber can be opened by a predetermined first distance.
    In the case of rail vehicles in particular, it is customary to spread the static friction between the vehicle wheel and the rail head for starting off or braking by scattering granules, in particular sand, into the gap between the rail and the rail wheel. For this purpose, such spreading devices are arranged in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle and controlled via the vehicle control, for example manually or also automatically. It is necessary to dose a suitable amount of granulate from a container provided for this purpose and to convey it to the gap between the rail and the wheel via a corresponding delivery line.
    But even in vehicles that are not bound to rails, granules, in particular sand, can be sprinkled between the wheels and the ground to increase the static friction, and starting off or braking can be improved, in particular on slippery ground.
    For example, EP 0 936 084 B1 describes a piston-controlled metering device for a spreading device, the metering of the amount of granules being set via the opening gap between the metering piston and the outlet opening of the metering chamber.
    2/17
    In the case of high-quality granules with very regular dimensions, a very good dosage of the granules can be achieved by the position of the metering piston and the adjustment of the gap width, and preferably no more granules than necessary can be used. Also due to the existing problems of track circuit insulation, the amount of granules discharged is set as low as possible. As a result, the opening gap must be correspondingly small. The normatively determined discharge amount of the granulate is generally defined in connection with a certain quality of the granulate or spreading agent and the amount of discharged granulate is adjusted in accordance with the respective quality of the defined granulate on the piston-controlled metering device. If the quality of the granules differs, in particular in the case of coarser particles, blockage or blockage can occur and thus the scattering of granules can be interrupted.
    The object of the present invention is to provide an above-mentioned method for controlling a metering device and an above-mentioned metering device for metering granules, in particular sand, to increase the coefficient of friction between a rail wheel and a rail, which solves the above-described problem of a blockage, in particular with granules of different quality avoided or at least reduced. The method should be as simple to implement as possible and the device should be possible to implement as inexpensively as possible. In addition, retrofitting of existing metering devices should be possible with little effort.
    In procedural terms, the object is achieved in that the metering piston is temporarily actuated for a predetermined duration in such a way that the gap between the inlet for the granules and the metering chamber is opened by a second distance which is greater than the first distance. so that any blockages are released. With this easy-to-implement method, any blockages can be released in a particularly simple manner and, if necessary, the granules are always optimally spread. The method is very easy to implement, in which the metering piston is moved further away from the feed for the granules at predetermined times or, if necessary, simply over the predetermined or predetermined duration than with the usual metering. The gap between the inlet for the granulate and the dosing chamber is opened further with a short pulse and then immediately returned to the original position.
    The gap between the inlet for the granulate and the metering chamber is preferably opened for a predetermined duration of 100 ms to 1 s by the second distance. Experience has shown that opening the gap over such a period is sufficient to be able to effectively dissolve a blockage. After this short duration, the metering device is fully operational again and the granules can be metered and conveyed to the desired location, in particular the gap between the rail wheel and the rail of a rail-bound vehicle, in an effective manner.
    According to a first variant of the method, the metering piston is actuated for the predetermined duration at predetermined times or predetermined time intervals. In this way, the gap between the inlet for the granulate and the metering piston is opened more or less prophylactically in order to be able to avoid any blockages that may occur, in particular due to the use of granules of different quality. This represents a simple but effective variant of the method, but a small amount of granules is used up by regularly opening the gap.
    As an alternative to this, the dosing piston can be actuated for the predetermined duration if a blockage of the granulate is detected. This variant is somewhat more complex than the alternative mentioned above, since the blockage must be detected with appropriate sensors. On the other hand, the gap between the inlet for the granulate and the metering chamber really only opens when a blockage occurs and this has to be released. As a result, the consumption of granules can be reduced to a minimum, thus saving costs and reducing pollution of the environment.
    4/17
    A blockage of the granules can be detected by at least one sensor, the at least one sensor being arranged in a delivery line leading away from the metering chamber. The amount of granulate conveyed can be estimated in this way via appropriate sensors, for example optical sensors. If a certain threshold value of a signal detected by a sensor is undershot or if a certain signal form of the sensor is present, it can then be concluded that there is a blockage. The security of the detection of a blockage can be increased by using several sensors which may also be different.
    The dosing piston can be operated pneumatically, whereby two different pressures are used to operate the dosing piston. Such pneumatic methods are known in the case of spreading devices of the prior art. Due to the presence of compressed air, possibly also with different pressures, the present method can be implemented very easily and can also be retrofitted to existing spreading devices. In the case of pneumatic actuation, the metering piston is preferably moved against corresponding return springs.
    The dosing piston can also be actuated electromagnetically by two solenoids. Dear electromechanical methods can be used when there is no compressed air source or the connection to the pneumatics would be complex. In the case of electromagnetic activation by means of two solenoids, the gap between the inlet for the granulate and the metering chamber is opened by energizing the solenoids. When one solenoid is activated, the gap is opened by the first distance for normal dosing of the granules, while when the second solenoid is activated, the gap is opened by the second distance to release a blockage.
    The object according to the invention is also achieved by an above-mentioned metering device, in which the control device is designed in such a way that the metering piston can be actuated at times for a predetermined duration, so that the gap between the inlet for the granulate and the metering chamber by a second distance, / 17 which is larger than the first distance, can be opened so that any blockages are released. Such a metering device can be implemented or retrofitted relatively easily and inexpensively, and the metering device can be guaranteed to function properly. For the rest, reference is made to the above description of the method for controlling a device for metering granules.
    According to a further feature of the invention, the second distance of the gap can be set using an adjusting screw. The effect of the dissolution of the blockage can thereby be improved without too much granulate being consumed during the further opening of the gap.
    According to a first embodiment variant, the control device can be designed to actuate the metering piston for the predetermined duration at predetermined times or predetermined time intervals. As already mentioned above, this represents a particularly simple implementation of the metering device.
    Alternatively, according to a second embodiment variant, at least one sensor can also be arranged in a feed line leading away from the metering chamber, the at least one sensor being connected to the control device, so that the metering piston can be actuated for the predetermined duration if the granulate is blocked by the at least one a sensor is detected. This variant of the metering device is somewhat more complex than the one mentioned above, since at least one sensor must be used by means of which a blockage is determined.
    At least one sensor can be formed by an optical sensor. Such sensors are available at particularly low cost and also require little space. In principle, however, other sensor technologies can also be used.
    If the metering piston is connected to at least one return spring, the movement of the metering piston can be carried out pneumatically or electromechanically by appropriate application of energy, whereas the metering piston is automatically brought into the closed position by the at least one return spring and without applying energy.
    The dosing piston can be connected for pneumatic actuation to two compressed air lines for two different pressures, at least one valve connected to the control device being provided.
    As an alternative to the pneumatic implementation, the metering piston can also be connected to two lifting magnets for electromagnetic actuation, which lifting magnets are connected to the control device.
    The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In it show:
    Figure 1 is a schematic device for metering granules into the gap between the rail wheel and rail to increase the coefficient of friction.
    2 shows an embodiment of a metering device according to the invention with a pneumatically operated metering piston;
    3 shows a further embodiment of a metering device according to the invention with an electromagnetically actuated metering piston;
    FIG. 4 shows a time diagram of the control of the metering piston for releasing a blockage as a function of the detection of a blockage; and
    Fig. 5 is a timing diagram of the control of the metering piston to resolve a blockage after a predetermined time grid.
    1 shows a device 1 for metering granules 2, in particular sand, into the gap between rail wheel 3 and rail 4 to increase the coefficient of friction. The device 1 for dosing granules 2 is connected under a container 5 for the granules 2 and doses a desired amount of granules 2. The dosed granules 2 are conveyed via a conveyor line 10 into the gap between wheel 3 of a rail vehicle and rail 4, to increase the friction between wheel 3 and rail 4. The metering device 1 is controlled via a control device 16, which in the example shown is connected to a valve 19, via which a pneumatic valve 19 is used
    7/17
    Compressed air line 17 for a first pressure p x or a compressed air line 18 for a pressure p 2 , which is higher than the first pressure p x , is opened. If a sensor 10, which is connected to the control device 16, is arranged in the delivery line 11, the metering device 1 can be controlled or regulated as a function of a blockage detected by the at least one sensor 10 and whenever a blockage is detected , A pulse with the higher, second pressure p 2 is delivered to the metering piston 7 of the metering device 1 in order to release the blockage.
    FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a metering device 1 according to the invention with a pneumatically operated metering piston 7. The metering piston 7 is moved against the first return spring 14 by using compressed air at a first pressure p x from the inlet 9 for the granulate 2, whereby the gap 8 is opened by a first distance dx. In this way, a normal, desired dosing of the granules 2 into the dosing chamber 6 takes place. Upon detection of a blockage or at predetermined times t ± or at predetermined time intervals At ±, the dosing piston 7 can be actuated for a predetermined duration At such that the gap 8 between the inlet 9 for the granules 2 and the metering chamber 6 by a second distance d 2 , which is greater than the first distance dx, namely dx + Ad, so that any blockages are released. The second distance d 2 or the additional distance Ad can be made adjustable, for example, by means of an adjusting screw 20. Depending on the quality of the granulate 2, the distance dx can be 5 mm, for example, and the larger distance d 2 can be 7 mm, for example.
    3 shows a further embodiment of a metering device 1 according to the invention with an electromagnetically actuated metering piston 7. The metering piston 7 is moved against the first return spring 14 by activating a first lifting magnet 12, as a result of which the gap 8 is opened by a first distance dx. In this way, a normal, desired metering of the granules 2 into the metering chamber 6 takes place. When a blockage is detected or at predetermined times t ± or at predetermined time intervals At ±, the metering piston 7 can be operated for a predetermined time
    8/17
    Duration At be activated by activating the second solenoid 13 such that the gap 8 between the inlet 9 for the
    Granules 2 and the metering chamber 6 are opened by a second distance d 2 , which is greater than the first distance di, namely di + Ad, so that any blockages are released.
    FIG. 4 shows a timing diagram of the control of the metering piston 7 for releasing a blockage as a function of the detection of a blockage. Whenever a blockage is detected, the distance x of the metering piston 7 is opened to the larger distance d 2 for a predetermined duration At. This variant is characterized by a minimal additional consumption of granules 2, the somewhat higher effort of detecting the blockage having to be accepted by corresponding sensors 10.
    Finally, FIG. 5 shows a time diagram of the control of the metering piston 7 for releasing a blockage after a predetermined time grid. The metering piston is opened by the second, larger distance d2 at predetermined times t ± or predetermined time intervals At ±. This variant is simpler than the one shown in FIG. 4 but is associated with a higher consumption of granules 2.
    The present method for controlling a device 1 for metering granules 2 and the present metering device 1 also enable an optimal function when granules of different quality are present, since any blockages that occur can be quickly and effectively released.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. A method for controlling a device (1) for metering granules (2), in particular sand, to increase the coefficient of friction between a rail wheel (3) and a rail (4), the granules (2) being removed from a container (5). is fed and metered into a metering chamber (6) by actuating a metering piston (7), whereby a gap (8) between an inlet (9) for the granules (2) and the metering chamber (6) by a predetermined first distance ( di) is opened, characterized in that the metering piston (7) is actuated temporarily for a predetermined duration (At) in such a way that the gap (8) between the inlet (9) for the granulate (2) and the metering chamber (6) by a second distance (d 2 ), which is larger than the first distance (di), so that any blockages are released.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap (8) between the inlet (9) for the granules (2) and the metering chamber (6) for a predetermined duration (At) of 100 ms to 1 s around the second Distance (d 2 ) is opened.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metering piston (7) for the predetermined duration (At) at predetermined times (t ±) or predetermined time intervals (At ±) is actuated.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metering piston (7) is actuated for the predetermined duration (At) when a blockage of the granules (2) is detected.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the blockage of the granules (2) is detected by at least one sensor (10), the at least one sensor (10) being arranged in a delivery line (11) leading away from the metering chamber (6) is.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the metering piston (7) is actuated pneumatically, two different pressures (pi, p 2 ) being used for the actuation of the metering piston (7).
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the metering piston (7) is actuated electromagnetically by two lifting magnets (12, 13).
    [8]
    8. dosing device (1) for dosing granules (2), in particular sand to increase the coefficient of friction between a rail wheel (3) and a rail (4), with an inlet (9) for the granules (2) from a container ( 5) and into a metering chamber (6), wherein a metering piston (7) can be actuated via a control device (16) such that a gap (8) between the inlet (9) for the granulate (2) and the metering chamber (6) Can be opened by a predetermined first distance (di), characterized in that the control device (16) is designed such that the metering piston (7) can be actuated temporarily for a predetermined duration (At) such that the gap (8) between the inlet (9) for the granules (2) and the metering chamber (6) can be opened by a second distance (d 2 ), which is greater than the first distance (di), so that any blockages are released.
    [9]
    9. dosing device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the second distance (d 2 ) via an adjusting screw (20) is adjustable.
    [10]
    10. dosing device (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the control device (16) for actuating the dosing piston (7) for the predetermined duration (At) at predetermined times (t ±) or predetermined time intervals (At ±) is.
    10/17
    [11]
    11/17 is formed.
    11. Dosing device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one sensor (10) is arranged in a feed line (11) leading away from the dosing chamber (6), the at least one sensor (10) being connected to the control device (16) so that the metering piston (7) can be actuated for the predetermined duration (At) when a blockage of the granulate (2) is detected by the at least one sensor (10).
    [12]
    12. Dosing device (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one sensor (10) by an optical sensor
    [13]
    13. Metering device (1) according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the metering piston (7) is connected to at least one return spring (14, 15).
    [14]
    14. Dosing device (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the dosing piston (7) for pneumatic actuation with two compressed air lines (17, 18) for two different pressures (p x , p 2 ) is connected, and that at least one with the Control device (16) connected valve (19) is provided.
    [15]
    15. Dosing device (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the dosing piston (7) for electromagnetic actuation is connected to two lifting magnets (12, 13), which lifting magnets (12, 13) are connected to the control device (16).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    DE718159C|1942-03-04|Device for operating the air brake of an uncoupled trailer
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    EP3681261A1|2020-07-22|System for distributing grit
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    DE1804742A1|1969-05-22|Method and device for controlling a rail brake
    EP2029406B1|2013-08-14|Method for activating hydraulic inlet valves which are activated in an analog fashion
    DE8132674U1|1983-06-01|SAND SPREADER FOR INSTALLATION IN A MOTOR VEHICLE
    DE202010003928U1|2010-07-15|Sanding system for rail vehicles with switchable sand barrier
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2020144246A1|2020-07-16|
    AT521693B1|2020-04-15|
    CN113302460A|2021-08-24|
    US20220063332A1|2022-03-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE124021C|
    WO2015055723A1|2013-10-15|2015-04-23|Werner Bartling|Metering device for granular material|
    AT405499B|1998-02-16|1999-08-25|Goldmann Norbert|SEAL FOR PISTON-CONTROLLED DOSING DEVICES IN SPREADERS|
    AT411897B|2001-10-16|2004-07-26|Goldmann Norbert|DOSING DEVICE FOR A SAND SPREADER, ESPECIALLY FOR A RAIL VEHICLE|
    DE202004003650U1|2004-03-06|2004-06-17|Gel-Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg|emptying|
    AT507976B1|2009-01-22|2011-03-15|Nowe Gmbh|SPREADING DEVICE FOR SPREADING STREUGUT BEFORE THE WHEELS OF A VEHICLE|CN113212471A|2021-06-17|2021-08-06|山东创享智能科技有限公司|Railway locomotive sanding monitoring system and railway locomotive|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50019/2019A|AT521693B1|2019-01-11|2019-01-11|Method for controlling a device for metering granules and metering device for metering granules|ATA50019/2019A| AT521693B1|2019-01-11|2019-01-11|Method for controlling a device for metering granules and metering device for metering granules|
    PCT/EP2020/050349| WO2020144246A1|2019-01-11|2020-01-09|Method for controlling a device for metering granular material and metering device for metering granular material|
    US17/415,933| US20220063332A1|2019-01-11|2020-01-09|Method for controlling a device for metering granular material and metering device for metering granular material|
    CN202080007123.1A| CN113302460A|2019-01-11|2020-01-09|Method for controlling a device for metering granular material and metering device for metering granular material|
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